The Dawn of the Therapeutic As essays

The Dawn of the Therapeutic As essays Usually no deeper than 5 feet, a hole would be dug into the ground and covered with a grate to confine a lunatic who had been established as a menace to society. In this dwelling a mentally-ill person would be placed, fed, and kept until death. This was one of the many household remedies that people of the early 18th century implored as means of suppression of a mad-person. From this treatment arose the development of the Traditional Asylum. In the Traditional Asylum, patients would be crowded into small facilities along with the homeless and criminals, where the mentally ill would endure brutal treatments and poor conditions in which the ill-person would corrupt in their own filth. Household treatments predating psychiatry and Traditional Asylums were developed for custodial purposes. Dismissing all hope of treatment, these treatments were simply performed and placed to remove mentally-ill individuals from the public domain. With the dawn of the Enlightenment, came a new type of asy lum, the Therapeutic Asylum. This asylum focused on the treatment and cure of the clinically insane through isolation from indecent environments, rigorously scheduled activities, and daily baths. Between the grotesque methods of suppression implemented in the household, the custodial beliefs of the Traditional Asylum, and the treatment focus of the therapeutic asylum, the therapeutic method stood as the best development in treatment for the insane. Psychiatric treatment endured many revolutions within the 18th and 19th century in England. In the early 18th century, the treatment of the insane was cruel and poor. Since psychiatry was not yet an official field in medicine, treatment of an individual with a mental disorder was often left to the family. Only when the individual became unmanageable were they sent to one of the few hospitals accepting mental patients where they were cared for by physicians. Often times, when such a measure was finally taken, it...

Liquidity risk, conduit, and securitization issues Essay Example

Liquidity risk, conduit, and securitization issues Essay Example Liquidity risk, conduit, and securitization issues Essay Liquidity risk, conduit, and securitization issues Essay Underestimating the importance of liquidity risk is one of the important facts behind today financial crisis. In the past years liquidity risk has not been taken into account in stress testing, funding strategies, and portfolio management (Wehinger 2008). In large and complex institutions, benefits as well as challenges arises with a potential for internal liquidity provision to seem adequate but with harder to assess funding risks at the aggregate level. According to Wehinger (2008), while designing funding strategies, risks under stressed market conditions with sever liquidity shortages should be included for secured funding. Bank should also consider about securitization of assets and the use of conduits as those can be subject to reputation risks. Central Bank should provide clear specification on the conditions under which it would work as a lender of last resort and Central Bank should consistently communicate those rules with the commercial banks. And most importantly, risk management of bank should take into account the fact that, there is a chance of liquidity to turn into insolvency if liquidity problems weigh on investors confidence and weaken the companys equity base. In the quarterly bulletin of Bank of England (2009), it has been mentioned that overall liquidity conditions have yet to normalise to any significant degree. In order to meet banks longer terms liquidity demands, UK government already extended the term of Bank of Englands Permanent Discount Window Facility. According to the report on Enhancing Market and Institutional Resilience by Financial Stability Forum (FSF) 2008, International standard setters should enhance accounting, disclosure and audit guidance for valuations. Firms valuation processes and related supervisory guidance should be enhanced. Apart from that, reasonableness and consistency tests should be applied for valuation and price verification. In June 2008, The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published ten principles related to Supervisory guidance for assessing banks financial instrument fair value practices. Those principles are influenced by considering value measurement and modelling challenges faced by banks during the present financial crisis. The main objectives behind publishing those principles are to help banks supervisor while assessing banks valuation processes and to promote improvement in banks risk management and control processes. One of the main amplifiers of the crisis was the lack of transparency regarding the risk profile of institutions and structured products. Wellink, 2009. According to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2009), economic capital model of a bank should be effectively documented and integrated in a transparent way and senior management should consider that model seriously while making business decision and for risk management of bank. For this purpose, bank should emphasize on achieving robust estimates of stand-alone risk on absolute basis and developing the flexible capacity for enterprise-wide stress testing. In order to have transparency in securitisation processes and markets, market participants and securities market regulator should work together to expand information on securitised products and their underlying assets (Financial Stability Forum, 2008). Reform of rating processes by Credit Rating Agencies can also enhance the transparency (US Presidents Working Group on Financial Markets, 2008). PWG (2008) suggests forming a private sector group to ensure the integrity and transparency of reports. Third Pillar of Basel II framework can help Bank to increase transparency (Wellink, 2009 PWG, 2008). Pillar three of Basel II mainly focused on disclosures related to securitisation, off-balance-sheet exposures and trading activities. This paper presents a review of the financial crisis on banking sector and implication of the bank management to cope with this crisis. Several reforms has been suggested in this paper following Institute of International Finance (IIF), Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Financial Stability Forum (FSF), Bank for International Settlement (BIS), US Presidents Working Group on Financial Markets. Some of the recommendations are already being implemented. However, the recent initiatives at the G-20 level are being considered as a first step towards encompassing reforms to help cope with present financial crisis (Wehinger, 2008). Wellink (2009) also support the initiatives taken by Basel Committee and hope that those initiatives should limit the risk that weaknesses in banks amplify shocks between the financial and real sectors.

Effectiveness of Health and Safety at Work Place in Bangladesh Essay

Effectiveness of Health and Safety at Work Place in Bangladesh - Essay Example Fire and collapse incidents proved that compliance with employee safety was not being assured and workers were forced to work in vulnerable working conditions to keep their body and soul together. On 24 April 2013, a very grave collapse of garments industry was observed at a ten storey building in Bangladesh. It made the entire world suspicious of what could have happened. The accident took place in well known Rana Plaza where five garment factories were running with worldwide interactions. Many renowned brands were used to interact with garment factories in Bangladesh because of good quality of garments at cheaper costs. However the poor health and safety conditions are thought to be responsible of the deadliest building collapse in the history of Bangladesh (BBC News 2013). It is right to remark that it has become an alarming situation for governing bodies in order to cope the global defame and for resuming the relationships for trade and business. In near past, before the lethal c ollapse, Bangladesh remained a center of attention for international buyers because of extremely low wage rates. According to Minimum Wage Board (2010), the average wage in Bangladesh was Taka 3000/- which is extremely low as compared to contemporary market rate (Mondy and Noe et al. 2005). 2. The Accident The tragic collapse in Sawar on 24th April 2013 was one of the most astonishing historical accidents. The said plaza, situated in Sawar, Dhaka, was tremendously collapsed at 8:58 a.m on that day. The plaza building has been estimated to have 5000 workers employed in five garments factories. According to the government press release, around 1131 workers kicked the bucket in the accident and their bodies were rescued. The government spokesman further divulged that 2438 workers were rescued alive. In the collapse five garment factories, one bank, ATM booths, a market and parking lots were devastated (Mehr 2013). Rescue services were offered by Bangladesh army, Fire and civil defense services, Bangladesh Police and several volunteer welfare and nongovernmental organization. The made the injured reach to hospitals and different first aid spots according to the severity of injury. Emergency was enforced in public as well as in private hospitals at Dhaka (BBC News 2013). It has been reported that a morning before the collapse, a two inch crack was observed in ground pillars of the building. By hearing the news, several journalists of leading television channels arrived at the building. They covered the news and were lean to talk to the owner of building Sohel Rana. After the call, the owner personally came to the building and said that the crack is not dangerous. It can be managed without enforcing any emergency in the building. The peace of the building must not be disturbed. He asked the journalists not to report the news. He let out the situation of building satisfactory in all respects and went away. A local engineer visited the building and told that the condi tion is severely vulnerable; the building must be emptied immediately and should be inspected by a competent team of professional engineers (Quinn 2013). By seeing the response of the building owner, the garment factories’ owners decided to close the factories. From the next day, labors were called for strike.

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Similarly, the planning must incorporate the limitations that the organizations have while, at the same time, focusing on the long term goals and desires of the organization; this can only be done through effective budgeting and further budget control. It is indispensable tool for measuring performance. The success of any worthwhile organization is hinged on a good budget because it gives a platform where income and expenditure estimates are done at an advance date by use of historical data. By so doing, the budget helps the organization in different ways such as control, coordination and eventual measurement of the organization. Through the same, the organization can derive motivation geared towards a better future (CHONG et al 2007). According to CARPENTER (2006) a budget is defined as a tentative quantitative manifestation of future expectations and, is usually prepared by the management of any organization. There are different types of budgets and are concerned with planning for the future. If done in the right manner, a budget can serve as a means of control within the organization since in it are all the organizations plans, goals and key performance initiatives and indicators. They are usually prepared either annually or monthly or at any other interval, depending on the need. The significance of budgets is that they allow the management of the organization to take a look at the past failures and success; and that helps in formulating the best strategies for the future. The advent of 21st century has a brought with it many complications for different organizations. As such restricting within organization is inevitable; budgeting and control have become integral part of the organizations since it is clear that they have a big role in the general performance of the organization. In that regard, many financial and lending institutions have put much focus on budgeting as a tool of establishing performance in any organization. Similarly,

The Game of Pig Portfolio Essay Example for Free

The Game of Pig Portfolio Essay To play the game you need a regular 6-sided die. Each turn of the game consists of one or more rolls of the die. You keep rolling until you get a 1 or decide to stop. You may choose to stop rolling at any time. If you stop rolling before you get a 1 your score for that turn, your score is the sum of all of the numbers you rolled that turn (e. g. if you roll a 4, 6, 3, and 2 your score is 15 pts. ). But, if you roll a 1 in that turn your turn is over and you receive 0 pts. for that turn. The central problem in the unit is finding strategies for several different probability games. The key ideas were developed in the unit through the presentation of many games and variations of those games to us. The key ideas helped us to solve the central problem by giving us many opportunities to learn how to solve strategies for probability games. In each different game there was a new game or variation in which we could find a new way to find optimal game strategies for probability games. Why I chose each item: Homework 27: The Pig and I: This piece of work begins to explains the basics of what we learned in the unit. Homework 28: Beginning Portfolio Selection: The pig and I: This explains the main points of the unit (Theoretical and experimental probability) and also begins to show the reasons to choose certain pieces of work. Spinner Give and Take: This was chosen because it shows the basics of theoretical probability in great detail. The Game of Little Pig: This was chosen to show the many variations of games we learned to play, and the beginning steps of finding a strategy. POW 7: Make a Game: This was chosen to show how to make a game based off of the basic principles of probability games, it also shows how to make strategies for new games. Homework 7: Portraits of Probabilities: This was chosen as a basic block that began the whole unit and how to show probability in many different models. Homework 9: Rollin’ Rollin’ Rollin’: This was chosen to show the basics of dice probability, a very important section of this unit. Homework 11: Two Dice Sums and Products: This was chosen to show the many types of probabilities in dice probability, it also shows how to find what is most likely to happen. POW #4: A Sticky Gum Problem: This was chosen to show in depth theoretical probability. POW #6: Linear Nim: This was chosen to show in depth experimental probability, as well as strategies to find the best strategies to win probability games. It was also chosen to display my best work. Homework #25: Should I go on? : This was chosen to show how to make decisions in probability games as well as to display some of my better very thorough work. Personal Growth: For me I feel that the core ideas of this unit will make me think twice on my strategies in probability games before playing using them. I learned a lot about probability in this unit; it’s not as simple as I thought. There are many calculations you must learn how to do and there is obviously so much more behind the strategies and probabilities that I am yet to discover, for example, statistics class. Best Strategy: The best strategy is to get to 20 points and end your turn. This should take roughly 5 rolls of the dice seeing as the expected value per roll is 4. Four multiplied by five is 20. You should take 5 rolls because after five rolls the expected value of points begins to go up by smaller and smaller margins.

Home Schooling Essay -- essays research papers

Some 20 years ago only a mere 50,000 children were home schooled, and that was mainly by hippie parents who wanted to protect their children from what they called â€Å"the system.† Now it is estimated that nearly 1.5 to 2 million children are now schooled at home each year, dissatisfaction with the American public school system being the number one reason (Crary). Since most home schooling families can’t afford it, they choose not to send their kids to a good private school. In the next few paragraphs, I will speak of the pros and cons of home schooling children and the fundamentals of home schooling. Here’s a fact, the 2000 champion of the Scripps Howard National Spelling Bee is a home-schooled student and 27 of the 248 spelling bee contestants were also home schooled (Zitterkopf). Lisa Kander believes that home schoolings flexibility with learning and not being on a set time table like public schools is what attributed to the success of her children being able to read, write, and do mathematics far above their grade levels. Sabrina Matteson say’s that she can get work accomplished in 3 hours what it would take in a public school 6 hours because there are no recesses, standing in lines, or slow children. I found that most children who are home schooled have accomplished playing at least 1 musical instrument because of the time saved in the day. On standardized national tests and achievement, it was found that home schooled children scored better than 70-80% of public schooled ...

John Proctor’s decision to die is the right one? Essay

In the play, The Crucible, John Proctor quoted ‘Because it is my name!, Because I cannot have another in my life. How may I live without my name, leave me my name! ( page 138).’ He has very strong belief’s that if his name is blackened there is no reason to live. John Proctor also chose to die because he could not double cross his friends, the fact that he has three children, John could not raise his children to walk like men in the world if he himself was not a true man. Therefore for the sake of his name,reputation and his kids, John’s decision to die is the right one. Family life and friendship is very important to John Proctor, husband and father of three, if he lived then he could not possibly raise his kids to be men in the world if their father is a sell out to his friends. He wanted to teach them that they should stand up for what they believe in and not give in to unjust courts and/or other examples in life. By dying he taught his kids that not only he is not a sell out but he also taught them that he stood up for what he believed in. John Proctor is not a man known to go to church often, but he must of remember this quote from the bible: ‘No one has love greater than this that someone should surrender his soul in behalf of his friends'(John 15:13). This quote means that someone should surrender his or her soul for their friends, and by dying and standing up for what he believed in he taught his kids a valuable lesson. Proctors decision to die also solved his inner conflict with himself. This conflict is his adultery with Abigail, which really exasperated him. ‘Because it speaks deceit and I am honest! But I’ll plead no more! I see now  your spirit twists around the single error of my life, and I will never tear it free!’ (page 60). This quote made from John Proctor explains how he can not tear his guilt away from himself, and that he feels very bad for making this single big error of his life. By choosing to die John did not have to live with the guilt of defying his wife and God. The most important reason John Proctor decided to die is that he would not blacken his name throughout the town. If John betrayed his friends by confessing their sins, a man of his nobility could not live through the guilt. Also John did not want to ruin his reputation as a man who stands up and would die for what he believes in. John Proctor knew the importance of a name and how it defines someone. If John Proctor were named a sell out, then his whole family would be instinctively named as sellouts too. John Proctor was a man with strong beliefs that if his name was blackened he would have no reason to live at all. When he chose to die, he proved to everyone that he is not a sell out to an unjust court. Friendship and family is very important to John Proctor and he did not want his family to be looked upon as sell outs because of his wrongful doings. It is a very good decision that John stood his ground and died for what he believed in . Bibliography -Miller, Arthur, The Crucible, New York U.S.A., Bantam Books, 1981 – John, New world translations of the holy scriptures, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Watchtower Books, 1984